Occupational Safety Analysis for Pilot

Occupational Safety Analysis for Pilot For a pilot, there are many risks in his working environment to which he is exposed to. A pilot while operating an airplane might be exposed to ultraviolet radiations, ambient noise, various communicable diseases etc. The main aim of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 was majorly towards a safer and healthier working environment that could be insured for the workers (association, 2012). The main reasons for which Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) were created was for development and enforcement of health and safety norms and standards for the workplace. OSHA works to provide employers and airline industry workers with information and assistance to help create a healthy and safe working environment.Under this act it is the responsibility of the employer to provide a safe and healthy workplace which is free from serious recognized hazards to all its employees. According to Canada Labor Code (the Code) it is required that employers under federal jurisdiction provide their employees for health and safety of their lives. There are many committees for the purpose of ensuring healthier and safer working environment also there is a representative who is being appointed for the same purpose concerned to health and safety . The Canada Labor Code also provides that a health and safety officer should be appointed by the labor minister . The officer has investigation right to investigate upon the workplace conditions and various related issues towards health and safety of employees and the officer can also recommend noncompliance prosecution . The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) 1970 was created for ensuring safe and healthy working environment for all workers in The United States (OSHA, 2010) . The OSH led to the establishment of The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for the purpose with authority to develop and enforce desirable standards for health and safety in the workplace. Under the OSH act there was also establishment of The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as an active Disease Control and Prevention centers. NIOSH is responsible for conducting various researches and for providing recommendations with regard to workplace for the prevention of injuries and illness. There are many environmental hazards to which the flight deck crews are found to be exposed to, one of them is galactic radiation; which is very much harmful with exposure to higher level of altitudes and latitudes. It has been indicated by studies that there is an increase in malignancies with increasing exposure among the flight crew members. Another hazard to which they are exposed to is ozone, which at typical flight levels might exceed the federal limits. It can even cause headaches and some kind of respiratory illness, it has even been even linked to cancer. Airborne contagious diseases if exposed to is also a health threat, which can be caused if being exposed either to passengers or to crew members and can be even caused by making use of contaminated oxygen mask. Apart from these environmental hazards, there are many operational conditions to which flight crew members might be exposed to over a period of time, that could be harmful to health. For example, for pilots combating fatigue is the matter of constant battle, in various short haul operations with mainly short flight legs (Geneva, 2013) . It has been determined by the FAA that the workplace for on-board crew members in civil,commercial aircrafts is different significantly from the non-aviation workers’s workplace and the FAA must take up steps for setting up regulations for the purpose of addressing these concerns. The regulations and guidance material has been issued by the FAA that affect the flight attendants workplace and the workplace of other persons for whom his workplace is an aircraft in operation. This kind of regulatory material pays attention towards addressing protective equipment of breathing for crew members; crew members’s emergency exits; seat belts for crew members ; characteristics of various materials in the workplace of crew member ; reducing noise; smoke evacuation; concentration of carbon monoxide, cabin zone and carbon dioxide; proper heating, ventilation, and pressurization; proper availability of required first aid, various medical equipment, protective gloves; and interference with the crew members to be prohibited. FAA advisory materials also addresse the issues related to exposure to radiation of the crew members, first-aid programs in an air-carrier, and blood borne pathogens exposure. The FAA has not yet enforced regulations and adequate guidance material for addressing safety and health issues that are associated with the working conditions in an aircraft for employees, even including the flight deck crew. The mission of FAA’s Aerospace Medicine (AAM) office is to enhance safety of aerospace through surveillance, education, medical standards, research and prevention of illness. The AAM, headed by the federal air surgeon, under the oversight of the associate administrator for aviation safety has a vision for promoting aviation safety for the American public and many people who are totally relying upon the aviation industry for business, pleasure, and commerce. The Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), of the FAA is located in Oklahoma, is an occupation, medical certification, education,research wing of Aerospace Medicine. The FAA has developed various health standards to ensure the safety of all crew members and all people who fly. It is necessary that all aviators should be medically certified to be fit to fly; annually about a half million of medical certificates have been issued. The FAA and OSHA, signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) at the urging of Congress in which they agreed that both the FAA and OSHA would work collectively in the airline industry to enhance their employee safety and health. Both the FAA and OSHA in the MOU have agreed to the establishment of a procedure for employees working conditions in operation in the airline. In the MOU, an aircraft has been defined by the FAA as being â€Å"in operation† from the time the first crew member boards it in preparation for flight till the time after completion of flight last crew member leaves that flight. It has been recognized by the MOU that for the FAA and OSHA it is very important to work together in order to ensure that one agency does not block the other agency’s regulations application unnecessarily. The FAA and OSHA have been called by MOU for the establishment of a procedure for enforcing OSH through proper coordinating and supporting each other. Act with regard to improving upon the working conditions of employees in operation in aircraft and resolving various jurisdictional questions has been required. A team of representatives of FAA and OSHA is required to identify the factors which are to be considered for determining OSH requirements that can be applied to the employees working condition on aircraft in operation . It is required by the Congress that the FAA should promote the use of U.S. airspace in a safe and efficient way. CAMI promotes aviation safety through various number of medical education programs of aerospace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act and Executive Order Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees is responsible for mandating theses programs. They even provide professional advice and advice related to technical knowledge to various federal air surgeons and various other officials of agency . Bibliography association, A. p. (2012). Enhancing Pilots’ Occupational Safety. Washington. Geneva, I. l. (2013). Kenya. OSHA, F. /. (2010). Application of OSHA’s Requirements to Employees on Aircraft in Operation.

Joplin Scott’s The Entertainer

Joplin Scott’s The Entertainer is undoubtedly one of the most easily recognizable melodies in music. Its popularity can be considered part of popular culture that has lasted a century thanks to modern adaptations of the music. The piece created in the height of American rag time music, has a great history and is considered as an important cultural piece in African American art genre (French, 2007). Joplin himself is an icon of American music and proved himself devoted to his craft to develop ragtime music to a classical status. The Setting The turn to the 20th century is among the most critical times in history. Globally, the United States is becoming a leader, spearheading the industrial movement of internationalization of commerce. Within the United States itself, there was significant economic growth and social development in terms of rights and suffrage movements. Though African Americans were still subject to a significant amount of legal and social discrimination, they were beginning to organize interest and lobby movements and cultivate their identity in American society (Schafer et al, 1977, pp. 47-52). One of the fields that they gained recognition was in music. Strongly based in church and community musical traditions, composers like Scott combined it with European classical and romantic music to broaden its appeal. Ragtime music, shortened from its original ragged time, is a good example of the musical combination of African American style and contemporary ones. The music also was a means of displaying musical dexterity, a talent that often enjoyed significant success on country wide circuits (Sporre, 2003). The Song Written in 1902, The Entertainer is a rag time two step both enjoyed as music and for dance. Like other rag time music, it is not a metered piece and can be more appropriately considered as timed by its syncopation. The effect is however is that beats are emphasized even more which encourages movement from the audience. The piece requires that listener become in tune with the syncopation and pattern their movements thusly which encourages the audience to catch the rhythm of the song (French, 2007). The piece is written in the key of C but also has a section written in F. The primary chord pattern in A-B-A-C-D and repetitions become progressively higher in octave. Performers of the piece are given significant margin in its performance allowing for intricate melody detailing that will become popularized in jazz and rhythm and blues music. For a time, the song was lost to posterity together with ragtime music genre until it regained popularity when it adapted by Marvin Hamlisch for the movie 1973 Academy-winning film The Sting. The track reached the top three on Billboard magazine and since then has become the anthem for the sport of snooker, theme of several television and entertainment productions and a staple of the musical repertoire of musicians (Schafer et al, 1977, pp. 95-101). The Appeal The Entertainer’s appeal lies both in its artistry and its value in culture. The technical aspect of the song reveals a great deal of creative genius and facility in combining musical styles to appeal to a contemporary public (Sporre, 2003). At the same time, it gives insight to the social and cultural development of African Americans in the United States (Schafer et al, 1977, pp. 12-14). Most of all, it highlights the role of music in communication and society across races and beliefs overcoming discrimination and bigotry. As much as these perspectives remain important today, so does will the song. Its revival in the 1970’s reflects that good music is timeless. Like the people who first heard the tune a hundred years ago, The Entertainer challenges listeners to really listen to it, learning its melody beats and mood. It encourages listeners to experience music and to allow it to move them. For these reasons, The Entertainer fulfills its role not only as a musical piece but also as a cultural heritage that many generations will continue to love. Works Cited French, Christopher W. â€Å"Joplin Scott’s The Entertainer†. Rhythm on the Rock Productions. 2007. 31 May 2007. Schafer, W.J., and Riedel, J. The Art of Ragtime: Form and Meaning of an Original Black American Art, Revised Edition. Louisiana State University Press, 1977 Sporre, Dennis J. Perceiving the Arts: An Introduction to the Humanities New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc, 2003

Discuss imagery of Dulce est Doreum

Wilfred Owen's Dolce et Decorum Est uses effective imagery to uncover the hidden realities of the World War. The appalling cruelties soldiers were left to face were captivated to the reader through his dramatic use of expressive imagery. The compelling images drawn in this poem are so graphic, that it carries the ability for the reader to perfectly compose the authors intended scenery in their minds. Bent, double, like old beggars under sacks†(line 1) â€Å"knock kneed, coughing like hags†(line 2). This gives the reader a more realistic view on the appearances of the soldiers as they are normally portrayed to be strong bulky figures. The comparison of the men to â€Å"beggars† or â€Å"hags† show the effect the war has had on them, causing premature ageing and exhaustion within them from the war life for which they cannot even maintain a straight posture and is why they look so beggar like.The exhaustion is further conveyed in the lines â€Å"and towards o ur distance rest began to trudge† (line 4). The use of â€Å"trudge† expresses the slow and crucifying progress of the army. â€Å"Flound'ring like a man in 12). â€Å"He plunges at me guttering,choking,drowning† (line 16) indicates that men drowned helplessly in the toxic gasses, tragically in front of the eyes of fellow soldiers. Despite being so disturbingly graphic, it shows the reader the extent of pain soldiers are to bear.Orwell brilliantly showcases the fatality of the soldiers deaths in the lines â€Å"†It you could near, at every Jolt, odl Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs/ Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud,†(line 21-23) Another powerful use of imagery Mle, incurable sores on innocent tongues†(line 24) suggests the pain and misery of the soldiers were unforgettable and scars left on them both externally and internally were permanent. These graphic images play a very effective role to draw the reader to the poem, and to generate a way to show the gruesome, heartless, and horrifying effects of war.

Climate and Topography Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1474 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Climate and Topography Analysis Gerardo â€Å"Gerry† Camacho University of Phoenix BUS-475 November 2, 2009 Climate and topography are two very important factors that may influence industries profitability and productivity. Is important for business leaders to recognize how climate and topography factors impacts different industries. Recognizing climate and topography could be of assistance for businesses venturing into the global business environment arena. Climate and topography are factors of huge importance when determining location and strategic planning. One of the industries most affected by climate and topography is the transportation industry. The transportation industry is vital to any economy. The transportation industry takes care of moving people and merchandize by land, sea, and air. One may say this industry is the veins and arteries of the economy. Topography has a direct impact on this important industry. The relationship between the location of roads, seaports, airports, and populated areas are crucial. Construction of new roads and bridges must take into consideration soils studies and topographic charts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Climate and Topography Analysis" essay for you Create order The construction and location of airports needs to consider noise abatements areas and topographic configurations that may present obstacles to landing and departing aircraft. Airports also are extremely dependent on climate considerations. â€Å"Apart from their primary functions such as handling passengers, freight and aircraft, airports nowadays play a strategic role in regional development and are key facilities for the competitiveness of any territory. Airports are engines for economic activity, create direct and indirect employment and may act as innovative centers for new (environmental) technologies within a region. Moreover, modern airports function as intermodal transport nodes and incorporate hotels, shopping facilities, office space, conference rooms and leisure facilities. As such, they are recognized as clusters from a general spatial perspective and â€Å"airport cities† in specific if they show the qualitative features of a city: density, access, quality, environment, services (Guller Guller, 2003). † Weather and climate considerations must be taken into consideration. The consequences of building and airport on a location where weather is detrimental and hard to predict could be devastating and considered by some to be a safety concern. Another industry that depends greatly on topography and climate is the oil industry and in particular the oil refinery industry. The oil refinery industry uses industrial procedures to process crude oil and to refine it into more useful petroleum products, like gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Based solely on the definition of oil refinery, topography is essential to this industry. Oil refineries are usually on topographic locations that offer safety to near populations. The site has to be reasonably far from residential areas, the facilities for raw materials access and products delivery to the refinery consumers should be easily available, the processing energy requirements should be easily available, and waste product disposal should not cause many difficulties. The climate presents challenges as well. According to Brian Merchant â€Å"The oil industry has a warning for all of us: U. S. refining production may drop by a quarter by 2030 if the climate-change legislation approved by the House becomes law, the American Petroleum Institute said. This, from a report today in Bloomberg that reveals that the climate bill will do exactly what its supposed to do. Bloomberg says that the oil industry group American Petroleum Institute (the same folks behind the Energy Citizen rallies) commissioned a study on the impacts of the climate bill on stateside oil refining, and the report found that it will cut into both oil refining, and investment in oil refining. Oil refining will drop 25% by 2030, and investment in oil refining will drop as much as 80% by then†. The article by Merchant clearly depicts the enormous consideration the oil refinery industry gives to climate. The same consideration, on a smaller scale, the electronics industry enjoys. The electronics industry is the combination of manufacturers of electronics products at different scales. Climatic considerations are very important to the electronics industry. The incorrect climatic condition could cause devastating effects for example â€Å"Tribocorrosion involves mechanical and chemical/electrochemical interactions between surfaces in relative motion in the presence of a corrosive environment. Tribocorrosion phenomena are encountered in many technological areas where they cause damage to installations, machines, and evices. Often tribocorrosion damage is a problem for safety or for human health. In other applications tribocorrosion phenomena are put to good use in manufacturing. The chemo-mechanical mechanisms of tribocorrosion are still incompletely understood, they involve the properties of contacting material surfaces, the mechanics of the contact and the corrosion conditions (D Land olt, 2006). † The tribocorrosion example clearly illustrates how climate could directly affect the electronics industry. Topographic considerations are also directly linked to this industry. The incorrect topographic location chosen for a factory or distribution center could cause millions in loses to the industry. The electronics industry depends on strategic topographical locations for distribution, raw materials, and ease of shipping and receiving materials. Another industry that depends gravely on good climate and the correct topographical data is the food and beverage industry. The food and beverage industry refers to mostly prepackaged foods and drinks. The products are used by consumers at home, restaurants, or entertainment events. The food and beverage industry depends directly on agriculture as raw material, hence the importance of topography for food processing. Food processing is the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for human consumption. Food processing takes clean, harvested or slaughtered and butchered components and uses them to produce marketable food products. The different ways in which food can be produced are many but all are dependent on locations topographically apt for agriculture. One cannot mention agriculture without mentioning climatic concerns. According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute â€Å"The food and beverage industry depends on favorable climatic conditions and locations for their raw material. Because climate conditions are different around the world, the importance of climatological information and real-time meteorological information is emphasized differently. In Finland, for example, real-time weather information is more important than in central parts of Africa because the weather in Finland is less predictable. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to appreciate the importance of climatological information. The importance of climate and topography for the food and beverage industry cannot be stressed any further. Another industry also affected by the climate and topography to remain competitive is the textile industry. The textile industry is a conglomerate of industries concerned with the manufacturing, designed, and distribution of clothing items and the use different uses of cloth. The importance of choo sing the correct topographical location for this industry cannot be undermined. One could use as an example the study conducted by Muneer, Maubleu, and Asif. They used Pakistan as their testing ground. Pakistan is amongst the most prominent cotton producing countries in the world. The affluent availability of local cotton has lead to a well-established textile sector in Pakistan. A large proportion of its cotton products go into export. Being a successful candidate in international textile market Pakistani textile industry is continuously seeking modern and high-tech facilities to improve quality of its products. The biggest challenge Pakistani textile industry is facing today is how to cut down its environmental burdens to cope with the international standards on the issue. Water heating system as required for dying process is one of the major energy consuming areas in fossil fuel-run Pakistani textile industry. Water heating system therefore has a significant contribution towards total environmental impacts associated with textile sector. † The topographical and climate location of Pakistan made it ideal for the construction of solar water heaters that reduced the fossil energy consumed and increased the quality of the product. In conclusion, topography and climate considerations must be considered as one of the most important aspects of any business plan having globalization as an end goal. As the chart below, developed on 2007 by the US Department of Energy, clearly depicts topographic factors, climatic factors, energy costs, and profits are clearly linked and interdependent. Is important for future business managers understand the importance of these factors when embarking of global business ventures. [pic] References (2003) Guller, M. , Guller, M. , From Airport to Airportcity, Barcelona, retrieved November 1, 2009 from: https://programm. corp. at/cdrom2009/papers2009/CORP2009_165. pdf . (2009) Merchant, B. Oil Industry Warns: If Climate Bill Passes, US Refining Will Fall, retrieved November 2, 2009 from: https://www. alternet. org/environment/142199/oil_industry_warns:_%22if_climate_bill_passes,_us_refining_will_fall. %22_duh. / (2006) Landolt, D. , Electrochemical and materials aspects of tribocorrosion systems, retrieved November 2, 2009 from: https://www. iop. org/EJ/abstract/0022-3727/39/15/S01 (2009) Finish Meteorological Institute, Meteorological Developmental Corporation, Finland and development cooperation in the field of meteorology, retrieved November 2, 2009 from: https://tco. mi. fi/Significance. pdf (2004) Muneer, T. , Maubleu, S. , Asif, M. , Prospects of solar water heating for textile industry in Pakistan, Science Direct, retrieved November 2, 2009 from: https://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6VMY-4DCD6DG-1=10=1==search=d==c=1073073910=google=C000050221=1=0=10=d45d5cf926e1abea53e62a88e8e03f23